Does Protection of Marine Areas Safeguard Coral Reefs From Human-Source Pollution?
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Coral reefs
facilitation during action observation in individuals with autism spectrum disorder. Curr. Biol. 15, R84–R85. 2 . Nishitani, N., Avikainen, S., and Hari, R. (2004). Abnormal imitation-related cortical activation sequences in Asperger’s syndrome. Ann. Neurol. 55, 558–5 2. 22. Dapretto, M., Davies, M.S., Pfeifer, J.H., Scott, A.A., Sigman, M., Bookheimer, S.Y., and Iacoboni, M. (200 ). Understand...
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There has been significant bleaching of hard and soft corals in widely separate parts of the world from mid-1997 to the last months of 1998. Much of this bleaching coincided with a large El Niño event, immediately switching over to a strong La Niña. Some of the reports by experienced observers are of unprecedented bleaching in places as widespread as (from west to east) the Middle East, East Af...
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A hurricane (also tropical cyclone, typhoon) is a warm-core, low-pressure system that develops over tropical or subtropical waters. Most hurricanes form from a trough of low-pressure, over ocean surface temperatures greater than 26°C. As air moves across the ocean surface, it extracts moisture (water vapour) and energy (as a result of evaporation) from the ocean. The low pressure draws air inwa...
متن کاملThe future of coral reefs.
Coral reefs, with their millions of species, have changed profoundly because of the effects of people, and will continue to do so for the foreseeable future. Reefs are subject to many of the same processes that affect other human-dominated ecosystems, but some special features merit emphasis: (i) Many dominant reef builders spawn eggs and sperm into the water column, where fertilization occurs....
متن کاملThe future of coral reefs
Coral reefs have been degrading faster than they have been recovering (Done 1992; Ginsburg 1994; Hughes 1994; Grigg and Birkeland 1997; McManus and Vergara 1998; Wilkinson 1993, 1998) and they have been accruing in their degraded states because they achieve alternate stable states of algae instead of corals (Knowlton et al. 1981; Knowlton 1992; Done 1992; Hughes 1994), and because rates of dama...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Frontiers in Environmental Science
سال: 2019
ISSN: 2296-665X
DOI: 10.3389/fenvs.2019.00089